Inglês/Gramática/Verbos/Simple present

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Present simple tense

The present simple (also simple present) is the grammatical tense expressing actions which took place in the present or future. It is used similar to presente simples do indicativo, presente do subjuntivo and futuro simples do subjuntivo in Portuguese language.

O present simple (também chamado de simple present) é um tempo gramatical cujas ações têm lugar no presente ou futuro. Ele é usado similarmente ao presente simples do indicativo, presente do subjuntivo e futuro simples do subjuntivo na língua portuguesa.

Uses of Present Simple

Usos do Present Simple

• We use the present simple for describing general truths, facts and scientific laws.

O present simple descreve uma verdade geral ou científica.

 The earth moves round the sun.  
 
 A terra move-se ao redor do sol.

• We use the present simple for directions.

Nós usamos o present simple para indicar direções.

You come out of the station. Then you turn right. 

Você sai da estação. Então vira à direita.

• We use the present simple for habits and routines.

Nós usamos o present simple para expressar hábitos e rotinas.

I watch TV every day.

Eu assisto TV todo dia.

• We use the present simple for things that are true and that normally happen.

Nós usamos o present simple para coisas que são verdadeiras e normalmente acontecem.

Children like playing. 

As crianças gostam de brincar.

• We use the present simple for things which you like or dislike.

Nós usamos o present simple para coisas que você gosta ou não gosta.

He likes short stories.

Ele gosta de contos.

• We use the present simple for permanent situations.

He lives in London.

Ele mora em londres.

• We use the present simple for procedures.

He interviews the boy.

Ele entrevista o garoto. 

• We use the present simple for perceptions.

The food smells good.

A comida cheira bem.

• We use the present simple for conditions.

If you leave your mobile phone there, someone will steal it.

Se você deixar seu telefone celular lá, alguém poderá rouba-lo.

• We use the present simple for future plans and schedules. (though much less commonly than in many other languages):

The airplane leaves at 6:00 am tomorrow.

O avião parte às 6:00 horas da manhã.

Note

She goes to Milwaukee on Tuesday.        

Ela irá para Milwaukee na terça. 


She goes to Milwaukee on Tuesdays, means that she goes to Milwaukee every Tuesday. 
 
Ela irá para Milwaukee nas terças, significa que ela irá toda terça para Milwaukee.

Note from: Present simple by Wikipedia on 19 January 2006.

• When using some verbs, we are committing ourselves to action. In this case, you must use present simple.

Quando usamos alguns verbos, nós nos comprometemos em uma ação. Nesse caso, você deve usar o present simple.

I promise that I won't be late.

Eu prometo que não chegarei tarde.

I suggest you go and see a doctor.

E sugiro que você vá e veja o doutor.

I insist that we pay the bill.

Eu insisto que nós paguemos a conta.

I won't tell anybody what you said. I promise.

Eu não contarei a ninguém o que você disse. Eu prometo.

• We use the present simple for many verbs of thinking, feeling and sensing.

This verbs are called stative verbs or 'state' verbs.

emotion:	like	love	want	wish
mind:	agree	belive	mean	know
appearance:	look like	resemble	seem
possession:	belong	consist	contain	have	need	own
perception:	see	hear	smell	taste

I love you.

Eu amo você. 

See also: Stative verb by Wikpedia

• We usually use the present simple in jokes, anecdotes and film or book summaries.

Nós usualmente usamos o present simple em piadas, anedotas e filmes ou sumários de livros.

The present simple is also very often used in jokes and when telling a story to make the joke or story seem more immediate. This use of the present simple is sometimes called the graphic present. It is also used to retell what happens in a book or film.

Q: A child, an honest politician, and Santa Claus all spot a $20 bill on the ground. Who picks it up? 

A: The child.  The other two don't exist.

A couple is touring a graveyard when they spot a tombstone that reads:

"Here lies an honest man and a politician."

The man says to the woman:

- "Look honey, there are two people in that grave."

Q: What do you call a thousand lawyers at the bottom of the ocean?

A: A good start.
 

Examples of jokes from: Joke by Wikipedia on 11 January 2006.

Forms

Formas

Os verbos em inglês têm formas principais: infinitivo, passado, e particípio passado.

Positive form

Afirmativa

In the positive form, we add an -s to the infinitive of third person singular.

Na conjugação da terceira pessoa do singular, nos acrescentamos de um -s a forma infinitiva do verbo.


If the verb ends in -y preceded by a consonant, change the -y to -ies.

Se o verbo terminar em -y precedido por uma consoante, muda-se o -y para -ies. 


Exceptions: When the verbs ends in -ss, sh, -ch, -z or -o, we add -es.

Exceções: Quando os verbos são terminados em -ss, sh, -ch, -z or -o, nos acrescentamos -es.

I	live	in London.
You	live	in London.
He	lives	in London.
She	lives	in London.
It	lives	in London.
We	live	in London.
You	live	in London.
They	live	in London.

Negative form

Negativa

Conjugate the helping verb 'do' + not (don't and doesn't) + the base form of the verb to make negatives.

1. Negative long form / Negativa extensa

I	do not live	in London.
You	do not live	in London.
He	does not live	in London.
She	does not live	in London.
It	does not live	in London.
We	do not live	in London.
You	do not live	in London.
They	do not live	in London.

2. Negative short form / Negativa contraída

I	don't live	in London.
You	don't live	in London.
He	doesn't live	in London.
She	doesn't live	in London.
It	doesn't live	in London.
We	don't live	in London.
You	don't live	in London.
They	don't live	in London.

Question form

Interrogativa

Conjugate the helping verb 'do' (do or does) + the base form of the verb in question forms.

Yes/No questions

Do you/we/they live in London?

Does he/she/it live in London?

Short answers

Yes, I/you/we/they do. | No, I/you/we/they do not (don't).

Yes, he/she/it does.   | No, he/she/it does not (doesn't).

Wh-questions

Where do you/we/they live in London?

Where does he/she/it live?

Transforme estas frases para inglês no tema do conteúdo abordado:

Ele está correndo

Ele não esta correndo

Eu tenho somente 5 reais

Exercises

1. Use the verb in brackets to fill the gaps.

2. Rewrite the sentences using the long forms.

Predefinição:Ligações externas

• Present simple by Wikipedia

Lessons

• Lesson 1: Present simple and exercises (Introduction & 2 exercises)

• Lesson 2: Present simple (Introduction)

• Lesson 3: Present simple (Form)

• Lesson 4: Present simple (Use with pictures)

• Lesson 5: Present simple (Exceptions in spelling)

• Lesson 6: Present simple (Short forms)

• Lesson 7: Present simple (Summary)

Exercises

• Exercise 1: Present Simple - Gap-fill exercise (Afirmative form)

• Exercise 2: Present Simple - Gap-fill exercise (Afirmative form)

• Exercise 3: Present Simple - Gap-fill exercise (Afirmative form)

• Exercise 4: Present Simple - Gap-fill exercise (Negative form)

• Exercise 5: Present simple - Mixed-up sentence exercise (Question form)

• Exercise 6: Present simple - Gap-fill exercise (Afirmative, negative and question form)

• Exercise 7: Present simple - Rewrite the sentences (Learn more about the short and long negative forms)

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